Vitamin C Production of epinephrine and norepinephrine are dependent on adequate vitamin C status.

Vitamin B2 Riboflavin is an essential part of the coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavinadenine dinucleotide (FAD). FAD and FMN play central roles in numerous metabolic pathways of carbohydrate, fatty acid, and protein metabolism.

Vitamin B3 Niacin is vital for the breakdown of fuel molecules for energy. It is also a component of the glucose tolerance factor.

Vitamin B6 Pyridoxal-5-phosphate is vital for conversion of protein and carbohydrate stores into glucose to support blood sugar between meals. It is also essential for the formation of several neurotransmitters, including serotonin (from tryptophan), dopamine, and norepinephrine.

Folic acid Anxiety, irritability, and impaired concentration may be the result of mild folate deficiency, and supplementation may be of benefit.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the central nervous system (even with normal blood levels of vitamin B12 and without anemia) may cause mood and mental dysfunction. Mild memory loss and confusion associated with aging may benefit from vitamin B12.

Biotin A key initial step in gluconeogenesis is dependent on a biotin-containing enzyme. Biotincontaining enzymes are necessary for the breakdown of amino acids, such as threonine, isoleucine, and methionine, for use as energy.

Pantothenic acid The biologically active form of pantothenic acid is coenzyme A (CoA). CoA transfers carbon groups formed from the breakdown of fatty acids and sugars into pathways of energy production. Pantothenic acid also plays an important role in the formation electron-carrying cytochrome proteins of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Zinc Zinc-dependent enzymes play an important role in DNA synthesis, neurotransmitter metabolism, freeradical deactivation, and metabolism of a variety of hormones (growth, thyroid, and sex hormones and insulin) which are often depleted with excessive stress.

Copper Copper-containing enzymes are required for the synthesis of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the adrenal and nervous system. It is also >essential for energy production and, as a cofactor of cytochrome c oxidase, catalyzes the final step of the electron transport chain (oxygen to water) to fuel ATP synthesis.

PABA Para-aminobenzoic acid is part of the folic acid molecule.

Choline Research suggests that dietary choline is required in addition to choline normally synthesized in the body for the metabolism of triglycerides and other fats in the liver in preparation for circulation to peripheral tissues.

Siberian Ginseng extract Acts as an adaptogen. The herb increases resistance to stress (emotional, occupational, or environmental) and improves performance. It also improves memory and feelings of well-being as well as reducing fatigue.

Rosemary extract Traditionally has been used to strengthen the memory and cerebral circulation.

Naringen Because of its ability to inhibit cAMP phosphodiesterase, naringen may inhibit excess histamine release.

Hesperiden Methyl Chalcone (HMC) In combination with butcher’s broom and vitamin C, HMC has been found effective in addressing venous lymphatic insufficiency.

Rutin Rutin is used as a vascular protectant; for reducing capillary permeability, fragility, and bleeding.

DHEA A key anabolic hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. Often low with adrenal hyper- and hypofunction. Pregnenolone – A key precursor to DHEA synthesis.